Phenol (C6H5OH) yog ib qho siv lead ua zoo li koob tsis muaj xim uas muaj ntxhiab tsw txawv. Nws ua haujlwm ua ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov resins, bactericidals, preservatives, thiab tshuaj (xws li aspirin). Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau kev tua kab mob rau cov cuab yeej phais, kho cov quav, ua kom tawv nqaij tsis muaj kab mob, txo qhov khaus, thiab kho otitis media. Phenol muaj qhov melting point ntawm 43 ° C thiab me ntsis soluble hauv dej ntawm chav tsev kub tab sis yooj yim soluble hauv cov organic solvents. Thaum qhov kub tshaj 65 ° C, nws yuav sib xyaw nrog dej hauv txhua qhov sib piv. Phenol yog corrosive thiab ua rau cov protein hauv zos denaturation thaum kov. Cov kua ntawm phenol uas kov daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ntxuav tawm nrog cawv. Ib feem me me ntawm phenol raug rau huab cua oxidizes rau hauv quinone, tig liab. Nws tig ntshav thaum raug rau ferric ions, ib yam khoom siv feem ntau siv los kuaj phenol.
Keeb Kwm Tshawb Pom
Xyoo 1834, tus kws tshuaj German Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge tau tshawb pom phenol hauv cov thee tar, yog li ntawd nws kuj hu ua carbolic acid. Phenol thawj zaug tau txais kev lees paub dav dav ua tsaug rau tus kws kho mob Askiv nto moo Joseph Lister. Lister tau pom tias feem ntau cov neeg tuag tom qab phais yog vim muaj kab mob qhov txhab thiab ua kua qaub. Los ntawm txoj hmoo, nws siv cov tshuaj phenol dilute los tsuag cov cuab yeej phais thiab nws txhais tes, uas txo cov kab mob ntawm cov neeg mob. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau tsim phenol ua ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob phais muaj zog, ua rau Lister tau lub npe hu ua "Leej Txiv ntawm Kev Phais Mob Tshuaj Tua Kab Mob."
Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj
Phenol tuaj yeem nqus cov dej noo ntawm huab cua thiab ua kua. Nws muaj ib qho tsw tshwj xeeb, thiab cov tshuaj uas yaj sai heev saj qab zib. Nws yog corrosive heev thiab tshuaj lom neeg reactive. Nws reacts nrog aldehydes thiab ketones los ua phenolic resins thiab bisphenol A, thiab nrog acetic anhydride lossis salicylic acid los tsim phenyl acetate thiab salicylate esters. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm halogenation, hydrogenation, oxidation, alkylation, carboxylation, esterification, thiab etherification reactions.
Thaum kub ib txwm, phenol yog khov thiab tsis yooj yim ua rau sodium. Yog tias phenol raug cua sov kom yaj ua ntej ntxiv sodium rau kev sim, nws yooj yim txo qis, thiab nws cov xim hloov pauv thaum cua sov, cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sim. Hauv kev qhia, lwm txoj hauv kev tau raug siv los ua kom tiav cov txiaj ntsig sim zoo thiab yooj yim. Hauv lub raj kuaj, 2-3 mL ntawm anhydrous ether ntxiv, ua raws li ib daim hlau sodium me me. Tom qab tshem tawm cov roj av nrog daim ntawv lim dej, sodium raug muab tso rau hauv ether, qhov twg nws tsis ua rau. Ntxiv me ntsis ntawm phenol thiab co lub raj tso cai rau sodium ua rau sai sai, tsim cov roj ntau. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tom qab qhov kev sim no yog tias phenol yaj hauv ether, pab txhawb nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog sodium.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-20-2026