Kev Txheeb Xyuas Txog Kev Phom Sij
Kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv: Nws ua rau khaus rau daim tawv nqaij thiab cov ntaub so ntswg thiab muaj cov nyhuv tshuaj loog rau lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab.
Kev Lom Zem Sai: Kev nqus cov tshuaj no ntau heev hauv lub sijhawm luv luv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob ntawm qhov muag thiab txoj hlab pa sab saud, txhaws ntawm daim tawv muag thiab caj pas, kiv taub hau, mob taub hau, xeev siab, ntuav, hauv siab nruj, ceg tsis muaj zog, taug kev tsis meej pem, thiab tsis meej pem. Cov mob hnyav yuav muaj kev ntxhov siab, qaug dab peg, thiab tsis nco qab.
Kev Lom Zem Mus Ntev: Kev raug tshuaj lom mus ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tus mob neurasthenic syndrome, daim siab loj, thiab kev coj khaub ncaws tsis zoo rau cov poj niam ua haujlwm. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau daim tawv nqaij qhuav, tawg, thiab mob dermatitis.
Kev Phom Sij Rau Ib Puag Ncig: Nws ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem ua rau huab cua, dej ib puag ncig, thiab cov chaw dej qias neeg.
Kev Pheej Hmoo Hluav Taws thiab Kev Tawg: Cov khoom no yog hluav taws thiab khaus.
Kev lom: Nws yog cais ua cov tshuaj lom tsawg.
Kev Lom Zem Mob: LD50 5000mg/kg (qhov ncauj hauv nas); LC50 12124mg/kg (dermal hauv luav); tib neeg ua pa ntawm 71.4 g/m³ yog tuag taus hauv lub sijhawm luv luv; tib neeg ua pa ntawm 3 g/m³ rau 1-8 teev ua rau lom mob hnyav; tib neeg ua pa ntawm 0.2-0.3 g/m³ rau 8 teev ua rau muaj cov tsos mob lom.
Kev khaus:
Kev raug qhov muag ntawm tib neeg: 300ppm ua rau khaus.
Kev raug mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm luav: 500mg ua rau khaus me ntsis.
Kev Lom Zem Subacute thiab Mob Ntev: Cov nas thiab cov npua guinea raug rau kev nqus pa ntawm 390 mg / m³ rau 8 teev / hnub dhau 90-127 hnub tau pom tias muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev hematopoietic thiab cov kab mob parenchymal.
Kev ua rau mutagenicity: Kev kuaj micronucleus: noj 200 mg/kg rau hauv nas. Kev tshuaj xyuas cytogenetic: nas raug nqus pa ntawm 5400 μg/m³ rau 16 lub lis piam (sib cais).
Kev Lom Zem Rau Kev Yug Me Nyuam: Cov nas uas raug rau qhov muaj tshuaj lom tsawg tshaj plaws (TCL0) ntawm 1.5 g/m³ rau 24 teev (hnub 1-18 ntawm cev xeeb tub) tau qhia tias muaj kev lom zem rau menyuam yaus thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov leeg nqaij tsis zoo. Cov nas uas raug rau qhov muaj tshuaj lom tsawg tshaj plaws (TCL0) ntawm 500 mg/m³ rau 24 teev (hnub 6-13 ntawm cev xeeb tub) tau qhia tias muaj kev lom zem rau menyuam yaus.
Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Poob Qis: Toluene uas nqus tau hauv lub cev yog 80% oxidized rau benzyl cawv nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm NADP, tom qab ntawd mus rau benzaldehyde nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm NAD, thiab ntxiv oxidized rau benzoic acid. Tom qab ntawd nws sib xyaw nrog glycine nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm coenzyme A thiab adenosine triphosphate los tsim hippuric acid. Yog li ntawd, 16% -20% ntawm toluene uas lub cev tib neeg nqus tau yog exhaled tsis hloov pauv los ntawm txoj hlab pa, thaum 80% raug tso tawm los ntawm lub raum hauv daim ntawv ntawm hippuric acid. Tom qab raug toluene, hippuric acid hauv cov zis nce sai sai hauv 2 teev, tom qab ntawd nce qeeb dua thiab rov qab mus rau qib ib txwm 16-24 teev tom qab raug xaus. Ib feem me me ntawm benzoic acid sib xyaw nrog glucuronic acid los tsim cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Tsawg dua 1% ntawm toluene yog metabolized rau o-cresol. Hauv ib puag ncig, toluene oxidizes rau benzoic acid lossis decomposes ncaj qha mus rau hauv carbon dioxide thiab dej nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej oxidizing muaj zog lossis nyob rau hauv qhov muaj cov catalysts thaum raug rau huab cua.
Cov Khoom Poob thiab Kev Sib Sau Ua Ke: Kwv yees li 80% ntawm toluene raug tso tawm hauv cov zis ntawm tib neeg thiab luav ua hippuric acid, thaum feem ntau ntawm cov seem raug tso tawm. Cov kws sau ntawv no kuj tau tshaj tawm tias 0.4%–1.1% ntawm toluene raug tso tawm ua o-cresol. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov metabolite tseem ceeb, hippuric acid, raug tso tawm sai sai hauv cov zis. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej raug mob hauv kev ua haujlwm, hippuric acid yuav luag tag nrho raug tshem tawm hauv 24 teev tom qab raug mob tas. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog rov ua dua 8-teev txhua hnub raug mob ua raws li 16-teev tsis raug mob, qee qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm hippuric acid yuav tshwm sim thaum lub lim tiam ua haujlwm, tab sis qhov concentration rov qab mus rau qib ua ntej raug mob tom qab hnub so. Qhov ntau ntawm hippuric acid hauv cov zis ib txwm muaj sib txawv heev (0.3–2.5 g) nyob ntawm kev noj zaub mov thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, kev nqus toluene tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tag nrho los ntawm cov qib hippuric acid hauv cov zis, tab sis nws muaj qee qhov tseeb hauv kev tshawb fawb pab pawg rau kev ntes kev nqus toluene. Cov nas uas tau kho ua ntej nrog phenobarbital tau qhia tias muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm toluene ploj ntawm cov ntshav thiab lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog luv dua tom qab txhaj tshuaj toluene, qhia tias kev ua kom cov enzymes hauv daim siab microsomal tuaj yeem ua rau cov metabolism toluene.
Kev Tsiv Teb Tsaws Chaw thiab Kev Hloov Pauv: Toluene feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov roj av nyoos los ntawm cov txheej txheem petrochemical. Nws yog siv ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov roj, cov resins, cov roj hmab ntuj thiab cov roj hmab tsim, cov thee tar, asphalt, thiab cellulose acetate. Nws kuj tseem siv ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov xim cellulose thiab cov varnishes, nrog rau hauv photolithography thiab cov kuab tshuaj ink. Toluene kuj yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov organic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau benzoyl chloride, phenyl compounds, saccharin, trinitrotoluene, thiab ntau yam dyes. Nws kuj yog ib feem ntawm aviation thiab automotive gasoline. Toluene yog volatile thiab tsis tshua muaj zog hauv ib puag ncig. Vim yog kev txav mus los ntawm huab cua, nws tau faib dav hauv ib puag ncig thiab txuas ntxiv rov ua dua ntawm huab cua thiab dej los ntawm nag thiab evaporation ntawm cov dej saum npoo. Nws thaum kawg yuav degraded los ntawm biological thiab microbial oxidation. Ib qho kev sau luv luv ntawm qhov nruab nrab toluene concentration hauv huab cua hauv nroog thoob ntiaj teb qhia txog cov qib ib txwm muaj ntawm 112.5–150 μg / m³, feem ntau los ntawm cov pa phem ntsig txog roj av (cov pa phem ntawm lub tsheb, kev ua roj av) thiab cov kuab tshuaj poob thiab cov pa phem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam.
Kev Ntsuas Kev Pab Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev
Kev Sib Chwv Tawv Nqaij: Tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws uas muaj kuab lom thiab yaug daim tawv nqaij kom huv si nrog xab npum thiab dej.
Kev Sib Chwv Qhov Muag: Nqa daim tawv muag thiab yaug nrog dej ntws los yog cov kua ntsev. Nrhiav kev kho mob.
Kev ua pa: Txav mus rau qhov chaw uas muaj cua ntshiab. Ua kom txoj hlab pa qhib. Muab cov pa oxygen rau yog tias ua pa nyuaj. Ua pa dag yog tias ua tsis tau pa lawm. Nrhiav kev kho mob.
Kev Noj Haus: Haus dej sov kom ntau kom ntuav. Nrhiav kev kho mob.
Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws
Cov Yam Ntxim Saib: Yooj yim kub hnyiab; cov pa uas sib xyaw nrog huab cua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tawg tau. Kev raug rau cov nplaim taws qhib lossis cua sov siab yuav ua rau muaj kev kub hnyiab lossis tawg. Nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov oxidants heev. Cov nqi ntws siab tuaj yeem tsim thiab khaws cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub. Cov pa hnyav dua li huab cua thiab tuaj yeem kis mus rau thaj chaw qis dua, qhov chaw uas nws tuaj yeem kub hnyiab thiab rov qab los.
Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Kub Txaus Ntshai: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Txoj Kev Tua Hluav Taws: Siv dej tsuag rau cov thawv kom txias. Tsiv cov thawv ntawm thaj chaw hluav taws mus rau thaj chaw qhib yog tias ua tau. Yog tias cov thawv hauv thaj chaw hluav taws tau hloov xim lossis muaj suab los ntawm cov khoom siv txo qhov siab, khiav tawm tam sim ntawd.
Cov Tshuaj Tua Hluav Taws: Ua npuas dej, hmoov qhuav, carbon dioxide, xuab zeb. Dej tsis zoo rau kev tua hluav taws.
Kev Pab Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev Txog Qhov Xaus Dej
Kev Teb Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev: Tshem cov neeg ua haujlwm tawm ntawm qhov chaw xau mus rau thaj chaw nyab xeeb, cais tawm, thiab tswj kev nkag mus kom nruj. Tshem tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov neeg teb thaum muaj xwm ceev yuav tsum hnav cov khoom siv ua pa uas muaj lub zog zoo thiab cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv. Txo qhov chaw xau. Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov kav dej phwj, cov kwj dej ntws, lossis lwm qhov chaw kaw.
Qhov Twg Me Me: Nqus nrog cov pa roj carbon uas ua kom muaj zog lossis lwm yam khoom siv tsis muaj zog. Los yog, ntxuav nrog cov tshuaj emulsion uas ua los ntawm cov tshuaj dispersant uas tsis yooj yim hlawv, dilute cov kua ntxuav, thiab tso tawm rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab.
Qhov Xaus Loj: Tsim cov kwj deg lossis qhov av kom tswj tau qhov xau. Npog nrog ua npuas dej kom txo qhov txaus ntshai ntawm cov pa dej. Siv cov twj tso kua mis uas tsis tawg kom xa mus rau cov tsheb thauj khoom lossis cov thawv tshwj xeeb rau kev rov qab los yog pov tseg ntawm cov chaw kho khib nyiab.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ob Hlis-24-2026